WP SKOS Facilities – Building Architected Futures™

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1 What is SKOS?
2 Why SKOS?
- 2.1 EATSv5 Framing
- 2.2 Like this:

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What is SKOS?

SKOS, the Simple Knowledge Organization System, is a W3C “area of work developing specifications and standards to support the use of knowledge organization systems (KOS) such as thesauri, classification schemes, subject heading lists and taxonomies within the framework of the Semantic Web.” It is a scheme to incorporate the communication of meaning in internet communications.

Why SKOS?

WordPress and related tooling largely deals with data structure. The software is largely ignorant and agnostic about the significant of the content. That is true at some level about all cyber systems. Your computer has no moral compass regarding the instructions it executes. Hardware is all operational physics, with quality control based on adherence to rules of computational logic, not arbitrary decisions concerning better ways to multiply or divide. Those choices are made in the programming of intention into machines by people. The purpose of a cyber system is to do what the coded instructions tell the system to do.

There is general concern regarding what is called artificial intelligence and the eventual capabilities of intelligent machines relative to humans. It concludes in some minds in a point of time, sometimes defined as a Singularity, where machines overtake humans in intelligence. Supposedly, this somehow motivates machines to enslave humans and make us, rather than them, do whatever needs to be done. It can’t happen. Not it won’t; it can’t.

But, why do people, including “smart” people, keep thinking it can and it will? The keyword in that question is “thinking”. Just because every set of electrical impulses that can be traced through a human brain may classify in some form as a thought, doesn’t mean that every thought is backed up by any true cognitive understanding of the totality of issues associated with the concept. Smart people say a lot of things that turn out to be wrong.

EATSv5 Framing

EATSv5 is in the process of being implemented as a WordPress facility to replace the Drupal implementation built 2012-2017.

I take one, functional definition of intelligence from the Central Intelligence Agency, but I take my definitions of data, information, knowledge, and wisdom from Russ Ackoff. Intelligence as human quantity and quality is highly suspect in our ability to measure, and is largely a function of situational capability. It would seem logical, and intelligent, for all of us to agree and cooperate, yet disagreement and conflict are part of what we also require as propellant in our continued advancement; or, simply to out run our past.

SKOS is about semantics and reasoning. Reasoning is something a machine, using computational logic can assist with, but can not complete beyond a point of incapacity. It is up to the programmer of the software coding the logic for the hardware to impose the limit constraints on infinite loops that are found at the heart of most complex operations. Pricing formulae are based on differential equations which will loop forever if not told when a sufficient degree of accuracy has been achieved. Programs create data from observations. People create information from systems. People understand systems by the patterns they are able to extract and understand as abstractions of the concept of the system in their experience, and the feedback reward they obtain when that understanding proves correct and they are able to enjoy the fruits of their understanding.

SKOS is a component of the semantic web. The aim is toward an ability to share understanding between agents and communicate at a higher level. One objective is that the higher level communication might enhance utility, enhance community, and enhance privacy through new forms of trust between cooperative parties. Semantic understanding of meaning in conversation is a prerequisite to trust.

WP Plugin Options

Searching for RDF SKOS functionality within WordPress turned up the following.

https://wordpress.org/plugin/poolparty-thesaurus/
https://wordpress.org/plugins/climate-change-glossary/
the Peter Shaw (Shawfactor) RDF Local Hero tools
- LH Paragraph IDs
- LH RDF
- LH Relationships
- LH Tools
https://wordpress.org/plugins/enhanced-publication/

PHP ARC2

A common element among the WordPress plugins is the use of the ARC2 RDF Classes for PHP. “ARC2 is a PHP 7.2+ library for working with RDF. It also provides a MySQL-based triplestore with SPARQL support.” Integrating any functional version of any of these tools then, would bring a functional PHP v7.2+ reasoning engine capability into the EATSv5 WP Workbench. The ARC2 classes are the same classes we investigated when pursuing EATS under Drupal (2012-2017) while investigating SIOC¹ interchanges.

Otherwise, besides being dated, the distinctions relate to intention of design:

Pool Party Thesaurus is intended as glossary. The plugin imports a controlled vocabulary (SKOS thesaurus) or retrieves a thesaurus from a (public) SPARQL endpoint via web. Based on the thesaurus, terms in articles are high-lighted automatically, definitions are provided “inline” (as mouse-over effect) and links to the thesaurus terms are generated on-the-fly.
Climate Change Glossary provides extended ontologies for reasoning related to subject matter. Their conflict with WordPress has not been researched. There is a WordPress TRAC archive at: https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/climate-change-glossary/. The plugin is also available for download from non-WordPress stores.
Peter Shaw has a nice collection of specific tools to support detail website customization. The detail function approach to Peter’s suite maps well with the detail service patterns of EATS.
Enhanced Publication provides an extensive suite of software engineering tools for knowledge sharing over standard internet protocols. Their tool suite maps well to the book system developed for Drupal which now needs to be mapped and implemented in WordPress. The most recent download fails to activate due to PHP errors.

Enhanced Publications

The primary function of the Enhanced Publication plugin is to describe a WordPress site as an OAI-ORE aggregated publication (an enhanced publication). In this structure, we convert WordPress pages into book chapters and use various other plugins to facilitate and describe reference lists, authors and editors, and attachments. These content relationships are then exposed in RDF utilizing the WordPress syndication feed. You can access the aggregation rdf at http://<yoursite>/feed/aggregation-rdf/.
For visualizing the content (object) relationships, we employ SURF‘s InContext Visualiser.
The content ontology utilized is based on selected relationships from among a number of standard ontologies. This combination was necessary to describe the full content aggregation of combined book and website content (e.g. an ‘Enhanced Publication’).
The following list of ontologies were used in creating content relationships for a website instance of an edited volume (book) with co-authored book chapters, abstracts, figures, and a reference list. NOTE: our companion plugin, Enhanced BibliPlug integrated with this plugin, such that references in the BibliPlug database are automatically included in the content relationships and exposed in the RDF output.

RDF: Resource Description Framework Ontology;
OAI-ORE Vocabulary for Resource Aggregation;
DCTerms: Dublin Core Metadata Ontology;
FOAF: Friend of a Friend Ontology;
FRBR: Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records Ontology;
SWAN: Provenance, Authoring and Versioning in scientific discourse Ontology;
RES: Academic Researchers Ontology;
BiRO: Bibliographic Reference Ontology;
FaBiO: FRBR-aligned Bibliographic Ontology;
PRISM: Publishing Requirements for Industry Standard Metadata Ontology;
ESCAPE-Display: Vocabulary for describing inverse relationship of FOAF.

ENHANCED BIBLIPLUG

Though not required, we recommend that you use this plugin with Enhanced bibliplug
for reference management to enrich your chapter content.

COAUTHORS PLUS

CoAuthors Plus is a great plug to manage multiple authors for a single post (which, in our case, a single chapter). This plugin takes advantage of CoAuthors Plus, and we encourage you use them together.

INCLUDED PACKAGES

semsol-arc2 version 2011-12-1 for RDF serialization.
InContext Visualiser verion 1.1 for RDF visualization.

Screenshots

FAQ

HOW TO INCLUDE REFERENCES FOR A BOOK CHAPTER

The reference functionality is provided by our companion plugin, Enhanced BibliPlug.

Install and activate Enhanced BibliPlug,
Create a reference category for a given chapter, for example, “chapter1”
Mark your references associated with chapter one with category “chapter1”.
Go to the Book Chapter that represent chapter 1, and choose “chapter1” for “Reference category name” in the Enhanced Publication fields, and save your chapter.
View your Book Chapter to confirm references are shown at the bottom of the webpage.

Contributors & Developers

“Enhanced Publication” is open source software. The following people have contributed to this plugin.

zuotian

Enhanced Bibliplug

Enhanced Bibliplug creates a central repository for researchers to organize and display their academic work either individually or in a collaborative environment. This plugin is designed to synchronize with Zotero accounts.
Key features include:

database schema for storing bibliographical references.
administration pages to manage the references.
short code for easy retrieval of references based on author, year, and publication type.
the ability to connect and synchronize with Zotero accounts.
a custom Author page template to display user’s academic title, affiliation, bio, and CV content such as publications and presentations.
short code for listing all users of the site.
the ability to group and retrieve references based on custom categories and tags.

Companion plugin:
Enhanced Publication

REFERENCE SHORT CODES

References can be displayed on any post/page using short code bibliplug.

[[bibliplug id=2]] displays a single reference.
[[bibliplug last_name='Smith']] displays references by author/editor last name.
[[bibliplug first_name='John']] displays references by author/editor first name.
[[bibliplug type='book']] displays all books.
[[bibliplug category='chapter7']] displays all references under category chapter7.
[[bibliplug tag='biology']] displays all references with tag biology.
[[bibliplug year='2008']] displays all references published in 2008.
[[bibliplug format='full']] displays references with abstracts. Default is 'normal'.
[[bibliplug keywords='biology, genome']] displays references with any given keywords.
[[bibliplug order_by='last_name, year-, title']] displays references first ordered by first author's last name, then by publish

year in descending order, then by title. You can also sort by first_name (first author’s first name), date (publication date),
and type (publication type). By default, text fields are sorted alphabatically from A-Z, dates are sorted from oldest to newest,
and numbers are sorted from small to big. To invert the sorting order of a field, add “-” at the end of the field name to indicate
that the field should be sorted in descending order.
Note:
You can mix-match any arguments except:

If id is used, other arguments are ignored.
If category is used, tag is ignored.

Other than types shown in the drop down box when editing a reference, there are two super types you can use.

Publication => any type that’s not presentation or conference paper.
Presentation => presentation and conference paper.

All references are shown in Chicago Style Author-Date System.

AUTHOR PROFILE SHORT CODES

Author list can be displayed on any post/page using short code bibliplug_authors.

[[bibliplug_authors id=2]] display a single user by its user id.
[[bibliplug_authors format='profile']] displays all users with user info and bio.
[[bibliplug_authors format='list']] displays all users with user info.
[[bibliplug_authors format='mini']] displays all users with profile pictures.

Note:
You can use id and format in the same short code instance.